Antonio López de Santa Anna

Iturbide abdicated on 19 March 1823, ending the First Mexican Empire after his forces defected to rebels.

Congress annulled the state legislature vote for Gómez Pedraza, naming Guerrero president and Bustamante vice president.

Guerrero's administration proclaimed abolition of slavery across almost all of the nation in September 1829.

Bustamante's army pronounced the Plan of Jalapa, leading to Guerrero's deposition by the Mexico City garrison.

Santa Anna delegated government duties to vice president Gómez Farías during his frequent absences from office.

Santa Anna and Gómez Farías were elected president and vice president respectively in March 1833, following the resignation of Bustamante's cabinet.

Santa Anna issued a federal decree on May 23, 1835, separating Aguascalientes from Zacatecas to punish the latter for its rebellion.

Texan forces under General Sam Houston defeated General Antonio López de Santa Anna's Mexican army in an 18-minute engagement on April 21, 1836.

Mexican forces marched into San Antonio de Béxar on February 23, 1836, beginning the siege of the Alamo Mission.

William B. Travis wrote the 'Victory or Death' letter on February 24, 1836, pleading for reinforcements.

Santa Anna ordered a predawn assault on the Alamo on March 6, 1836, ending the siege.

Texan forces under Sam Houston captured Mexican General Santa Anna the day after his army was routed at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836.

Texian prisoners under Colonel Fannin were executed by Mexican troops at Goliad on March 27, 1836.

General Rusk found the victims' remains in June 1836 and ordered a formal military funeral.

Santa Anna and Texas representatives signed two documents, one public and one private, at Fort Velasco on May 14, 1836.

The Mexican government refused to ratify the treaties, citing Santa Anna's captivity and duress during the signing process.

French Prime Minister Molé demanded 600,000 pesos for losses suffered by nationals, including a pastry chef. President Bustamante refused to pay, triggering military escalation.

Santa Anna led Mexican forces against the French at the Battle of Veracruz. He was severely wounded and narrowly escaped capture during the engagement.

French forces under Rear Admiral Baudin blockaded Gulf ports, bombarded San Juan de Ulúa, and captured Veracruz by December 1838, leading to a declaration of war.

U.S. forces under Taylor repelled Santa Anna's larger but exhausted Mexican Army near Buena Vista, Coahuila, on February 22–23, 1847.

U.S. forces defeated Mexican troops at Churubusco on August 20, 1847, during Santa Anna's retreat from Contreras.

Colonel Florencio Villarreal drafted the Plan de Ayutla on 24 February 1854, aiming to remove Santa Anna from power.

The Plan de Ayutla was proclaimed on 1 March 1854 in Ayutla, Guerrero, marking the start of the Liberal Reform.

Santa Anna left Mexico City in March 1854 to crush the rebellion in Guerrero but failed to suppress the uprising.

Santa Anna abdicated on 12 August 1855 and fled into exile, ending his presidency and marking the start of the Reform War.