Capture of Mexican General Santa Anna by Texan forces after San Jacinto

Background. The Texas Revolution began in late 1835, culminating in the declaration of independence on March 2, 1836. Santa Anna's forces defeated Texan defenders at the Alamo and executed prisoners at Goliad. However, Houston's army, despite lacking strict control, routed Santa Anna's larger force at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836, setting the stage for the general's capture.

Capture and Aftermath. The day after the battle, a small Texan force led by James Austin Sylvester captured Santa Anna near a marsh; the general had hastily dressed himself in a dead Mexican dragoon's uniform but was quickly recognized. After some time in exile, and after meeting U.S. President Andrew Jackson in 1837, Santa Anna was allowed to return to Mexico. Houston subsequently won the 1836 Texan presidential election.

Political Context. Houston helped organize the Convention of 1836 and was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Texas Army. Victory at San Jacinto made him a hero to many Texans, and he won the 1836 Texas presidential election, defeating Stephen F. Austin. Voters overwhelmingly chose Houston the first president, ratified the constitution drawn up by the Convention of 1836, and approved a resolution to request annexation to the United States.