Francis I

Francis I was crowned King of France at Reims Cathedral on 25 January 1515, with Claude as queen consort.

Francis I and Charles V concluded the Treaty of Noyon in August 1516, ending the War of the League of Cambrai and restoring the 1508 Italian territorial status quo.

The Treaty of Brussels was concluded on 6 December 1516, ending hostilities between France and the Holy Roman Empire.

Relations worsened as Wolsey allied with Charles V, leading to war.

Henry VIII challenged Francis I to a wrestling match, which Henry lost.

Henry and Francis arrived at their respective camps and met on 7 June 1520.

Navarrese and French forces captured the Fortress of Pamplona from Spain on 20 May 1521.

Verrazzano explored the Atlantic coast, including New York Bay, as part of the 1524 expedition.

Verrazzano departed Madeira on January 17, 1524, aboard La Dauphine to explore the North American coast.

Imperial troops arrived in Marseille on 15 August, beginning the siege on 19 August.

Marseille resisted Imperial assaults for a month, plugging breaches and cutting off tunnels.

Imperial forces withdrew on 29 September after a failed assault and the approach of French relief troops.

Francis I was defeated by Charles V's troops at Pavia, prompting a search for Central European allies.

John Frangipani delivered secret letters to Suleiman in December 1525 requesting aid against the Habsburgs.

Suleiman replied in February 1526, aligning his ambitions with the French request and attacking Hungary.

Francis I, Clement VII, and Italian states signed the League of Cognac to oppose Charles V.

Francis I began building the Galerie François I in 1528 to connect his apartments to the Trinitarian chapel.

The treaty was signed at Cambrai on 5 August 1529, ending French involvement in the War of the League of Cognac.

France assembled a massive fleet in the Seine estuary in May 1545 to invade England.

English and French fleets engaged in the Solent on 18-19 July 1545, resulting in a standstill.

Francis I died on 31 March 1547, and Henry II succeeded him as King of France.

Henry II was crowned King of France at Reims Cathedral on 25 July 1547.

Francis I was crowned Emperor at the Imperial Cathedral of Saint Bartholomew in Frankfurt am Main on 4 October 1745.

Joseph II began serving as co-regent with his mother Maria Theresa in 1765, focusing on financial administration and budget reform.

Austria ended its alliance with France in February 1813, shifting to armed neutrality following the failed Russian campaign.

Metternich witnessed the decisive Battle of Leipzig in October 1813 and was rewarded with the rank of prince.

Metternich offered Napoleon peace terms in November 1813, which were rejected, leading to continued war.

Ferdinand II became King of the Two Sicilies on 8 November 1830 following the death of his father, Francis I.

Francis I died in Vienna on 2 March 1835 at age 67, ending his reign as the first Emperor of Austria.

Ferdinand I succeeded his father Francis I as Emperor of Austria on 2 March 1835.

Metternich faced internal opposition, losing allies and being forced to share power, leading to government paralysis.

The Revolutions of 1848 forced Metternich's resignation, ending his tenure as chancellor and his three decades at the center of the Concert of Europe.