Treaty of St. Louis (1816) with the Council of Three Fires (1816)

The Treaty of St. Louis (1816) involved the United States and the Council of Three Fires, an alliance of Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi. Signed in August 1816, it confirmed prior land cessions and established new boundaries. The treaty was conducted at Portage des Sioux, despite its name. Key figures included Ninian Edwards, William Clark, and Auguste Chouteau.

Episodes

Background and detail

Background. The Council of Three Fires is a long-standing alliance of the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi, three Anishinaabe peoples. The treaty involved representatives of these tribes residing on the Illinois and Milwaukee rivers. The United States delegation included Ninian Edwards, William Clark, and Auguste Chouteau. The treaty confirmed land previously ceded by the Sac and Fox tribes on November 3, 1804, under the 1804 Treaty of St. Louis.

Terms and Cessions. The tribes relinquished all right, claim, and title to land previously ceded by the Sac and Fox tribes in 1804, specifically land south of a line from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi. They also ceded a 20-mile strip connecting Lake Michigan and the Illinois River. The tribes retained hunting and fishing rights within the ceded land.

Legacy and Markers. The treaty's boundaries are evidenced by diagonal roads north and west of Chicago, such as Rogers Avenue. Historical markers exist at Indian Boundary Park in West Ridge and on a building at Rogers Avenue and Clark Street, noting the negotiation by Edwards, Clark, and Chouteau.

People involved

Sources

Machine-drafted from the cited Wikipedia passages and checked by a reviewing model, not by a human editor. Every passage cites the revision it was written from; dates and places follow those passages.