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Signing of the Treaty of Córdoba

When
1821–1822
Where
Córdoba, Veracruz; Madrid, Spain (institutional context; outside allowed places)
Episodes
2

The Treaty of Córdoba, signed on August 24, 1821, in Córdoba, Veracruz, ratified the Plan of Iguala and confirmed Mexico's independence from Spain. It was signed by Spanish Viceroy Juan O'Donojú and Agustín de Iturbide. Although the Spanish government later repudiated the treaty as illegal, the agreement facilitated the entry of the Army of the Three Guarantees into Mexico City, ending Spanish rule.

Episodes

  1. 1821-08-24 · Córdoba, VeracruzSigning of the Treaty of Córdoba

    Iturbide and O'Donojú signed the treaty in Córdoba, Veracruz, ratifying the Plan of Iguala and confirming Mexican independence.

  2. 1822-02-13 · Madrid, Spain (institutional context; outside allowed places)Spanish Repudiation

    The Spanish government repudiated the treaty as illegal in February 1822, denying O'Donojú's authority to sign it.

Background and detail

Signing. On August 24, 1821, representatives of the Spanish crown, including Viceroy Juan O'Donojú and Iturbide, signed the Treaty of Córdoba in Córdoba, Veracruz. The treaty ratified the Plan of Iguala, confirming Mexico's independence. O'Donojú had arrived in Veracruz on August 3, 1821, finding that most of the nation was already lost to the independence movement.

Aftermath. On September 27, 1821, the Army of the Three Guarantees entered Mexico City in triumph, and the following day the independence of the Mexican Empire was proclaimed. The Spanish government, however, denied that O'Donojú had the authority to sign the treaty, and in February 1822 it repudiated the treaty as illegal, null, and void.

People involved

Sources

  1. Treaty of Córdoba Wikipedia, revision of 2026-07-01
  2. Plan of Iguala Wikipedia, revision of 2026-06-23
  3. Mexican War of Independence Wikipedia, revision of 2026-08-27
  4. Juan O'Donojú Wikipedia, revision of 2026-09-28

Machine-drafted from the cited Wikipedia passages and checked by a reviewing model, not by a human editor. Every passage cites the revision it was written from; dates and places follow those passages.