Jardine Matheson founded at Canton (1832)

Jardine, Matheson & Co. was established in Canton in 1832, evolving from the partnership Cox & Reid. The firm adopted the Chinese name 'Ewo' and operated within the Canton System's trade restrictions. Key figures included William Jardine and James Matheson, who navigated the end of the East India Company monopoly.

Episodes

Background and detail

Background. The Canton System (1757–1842) restricted Western trade to the port of Canton. Jardine, Matheson & Co. emerged in 1832 from Cox & Reid, a partnership established in 1782. The firm's formation coincided with the end of the East India Company's monopoly in 1834, allowing private traders to expand operations in China.

Partnership Formation. On 1 July 1832, the partnership was formally constituted in Canton. William Jardine and James Matheson served as senior partners. Other initial partners included Hollingworth Magniac, Alexander Matheson, Andrew Johnstone, Hugh Matheson, John Abel Smith, and Henry Wright. The firm took the Chinese name 'Ewo', meaning 'Happy Harmony'.

Trade Context. The firm operated during the transition from the East India Company's monopoly to private trade. The Canton System required trade to be conducted through specific channels. Jardine and Matheson were key figures in this period, with Jardine residing in China from 1820 to 1839.

People involved

Sources

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