Event of 1814: Creek War – The Treaty of Fort Jackson is signed, ending the Creek War.

Background. The conflict arose from internal Creek divisions, where hostile factions attacked U.S. citizens and allied Creeks, violating prior treaties. The United States responded militarily, defeating the Red Sticks at Horseshoe Bend. This victory, achieved by forces including Tennessee militia and allied Cherokee and Lower Creek groups, set the stage for the treaty negotiations that would redefine Creek land holdings.

Treaty Terms. The agreement required the Creek Nation to cede 23 million acres of land, including remaining holdings in Georgia and central Alabama. The treaty explicitly demanded the abandonment of communications with British or Spanish posts and restricted trade to licensed agents. Friendly Creek chiefs were granted small land reservations, but the bulk of territory was transferred to the U.S. government.

Aftermath. The signing of the treaty effectively ended the Creek War, which had been fought concurrently with the War of 1812. The resolution allowed General Andrew Jackson to redirect his forces to Louisiana, where he subsequently defeated British troops at the Battle of New Orleans. Appeals by friendly chiefs to reduce land forfeitures were rejected during the negotiations.