Battle of Vertières ends French rule in Saint-Domingue

Background. By summer 1803, Saint-Domingue was largely overrun by Haitian forces under Dessalines. Following the resumption of war between Britain and France, Dessalines attacked French positions near Le Cap. The conflict culminated in a decisive engagement at Vertières, where rebel forces confronted the remaining French colonial army committed to regaining control of the island.

The Engagement. On 18 November 1803, black and mulatto forces under Dessalines and Pétion attacked the fort of Vertières, held by Rochambeau. The battle involved the rebel Indigenous Army under Dessalines and François Capois against French forces. The slave rebels and freed revolutionary soldiers won the battle, marking the last land battle of the revolution.

Aftermath. Following the defeat at Vertières, the French withdrew their remaining troops, many of whom had died from disease. On 4 December 1803, the French colonial army surrendered its last remaining territory to Dessalines's forces. This military conclusion ended French rule in Saint-Domingue, setting the stage for subsequent political changes.