Battle of Rhode Island

Background. American and British forces had been in a standoff on Rhode Island since the British occupation of Aquidneck Island began in late 1776. In March 1778, Congress approved the appointment of Major General John Sullivan to Rhode Island, and he assembled Continental Army and militia forces, including half the Rhode Island militia under William West plus Massachusetts and New Hampshire militia and Continental Artillery, to besiege British forces occupying Newport.

Course of the Battle. Having chosen to lift the siege and withdraw to northern Aquidneck Island, Sullivan's forces fought the battle on August 29, 1778. On the American right, General Greene concentrated his forces before Turkey Hill, with the 1st Rhode Island under Brigadier General James Varnum holding advanced positions. British naval vessels bombarded Greene's troops, and a probing attack by Smith was repulsed by Glover's troops; German troops assaulted Major Ward's 1st Rhode Island Regiment three times at Leigh Heights and were repulsed each time.

Aftermath. The battle ended inconclusively, but Continental forces chose to withdraw further to the mainland, leaving Aquidneck Island, including Newport, in British hands. The withdrawal to Bristol and Tiverton occurred on the night of August 30. General Pigot was harshly criticized by Clinton for failing to await the relief force, which might have entrapped the Americans on the island. The British finally abandoned Newport in October 1779.