Battle of Pichincha secures the independence of Quito

Background. The campaign for Quito's independence began with Guayaquil's revolt in October 1820. Early Patriot efforts failed at Huachi, but Sucre resumed operations in 1821. After a second defeat and an armistice, Sucre launched a new campaign in January 1822. Reinforced by Peruvian troops, he advanced through the Andes, retaking Cuenca and defeating Royalists at Tapi before reaching Latacunga in May 1822.

Command Structure. Simón Bolívar ordered Sucre to garrison Guayaquil in January 1821. Sucre, acting as Bolívar's chief lieutenant, led the Patriot forces in the field. While Bolívar was halted by illness and battle in southern Colombia, Sucre advanced from Guayaquil. Sucre commanded the troops that defeated the Royalists at Pichincha, though Bolívar is often credited with the overall campaign's success.

Immediate Result. Following the battle, Sucre entered Quito on 25 May 1822 and accepted the surrender of Spanish forces. This victory ended Royalist resistance in the northern province of Pasto. The surrender allowed Bolívar to enter Quito in June 1822. The city was integrated into the Republic of Colombia, a process finalized without consultation with Guayaquil's President Olmedo.