Battle of Boyacá secures New Granada's independence

Background. Simón Bolívar, a Venezuelan military officer, sought to liberate New Granada from Royalist occupation. In May 1819, he revealed his intention to invade, having prepared by sending Santander to build forces in Casanare. Bolívar entered Casanare in June, meeting Santander at Tame. The Patriot army crossed the Andes through the Paramo de Pisba, weakening their ranks but surprising the Spanish.

The Engagement. At the Battle of Boyacá, Bolívar's combined army of Venezuelans, New Granadans, and a British Legion defeated the Spanish III Division. The Patriot forces routed the Royalists in two hours. Spanish Colonels José María Barreiro and Francisco Jiménez were captured. At least 1,600 troops were taken, many of whom were incorporated into the Patriot Army, augmenting its size.

Aftermath. The victory ensured the success of Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada, marking a crucial point in South American independence. New Granada acquired definitive independence, though fighting continued. Bolívar established a provisional government in Bogotá with Santander. The creation of Gran Colombia followed in December 1819, merging New Granada and Venezuela.