William Pitt

Newcastle was replaced by the Duke of Devonshire in November 1756.

The Duke of Devonshire served as Prime Minister from November 1756 to June 1757.

Newcastle became Prime Minister again in July 1757.

In the 1778 second edition of his poem's introduction, Mickle attacked Smith's laissez-faire doctrines on the East India Company question.

Five editions appeared during Smith's lifetime; the 1784 third edition added an index for the first time and incorporated his Additions and Corrections.

Marx called the book the true Bible of eighteenth-century classical political economy, while Marxian economics critiqued the tradition it founded.

Smith's treatise appeared on 9 March 1776 in two volumes, the culmination of roughly a decade of work and his central intellectual project.

Within weeks of publication, David Hume reportedly judged the book too demanding to become as popular as Gibbon's Decline and Fall.

William Pitt praised the treatise in the Commons in 1792, and it was quoted by Whitbread, Fox, and Wilberforce in debates that year.

William Pitt appointed William Eden as lead negotiator for commercial talks with France in late 1785.

William Eden and Joseph Matthias Gérard de Rayneval hammered out an agreement in April 1786.

The treaty collapsed in 1793 following the Aliens Act and the outbreak of war between Britain and France.

Birmingham Dissenters' campaigns to repeal the Test and Corporation Acts, failing in 1787, 1789, and 1790, fractured the town elite before the riots.

In summer 1791, Priestley and friends planned a radical Warwickshire Constitutional Society seeking electoral reform, matching societies in Chester and Manchester.

The riots began with an attack on the Royal Hotel, site of a banquet publicising diners' support for the French Revolutionaries to enhance Anglo-French trade.

From 14 to 17 July 1791, rioters targeted Birmingham's religious dissenters, most notably Joseph Priestley, amid local and national grievances.

The riots were not initiated by Prime Minister William Pitt's administration, but the national government has been suggested to have been slow to respond to Dissenters' pleas for help.

France declared war on Great Britain in 1793; George allowed Pitt to raise taxes, armies, and suspend habeas corpus in response.

The coalition assembled slowly, starting with Naples allying with Austria and Russia, while Pitt and Thugut failed to bring Prussia in.

From October 1798 to March 1799 France and Austria avoided armed conflict but remained skeptical, with diplomatic incidents eroding their agreement.

In May 1800 Napoleon led his troops across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard pass during the Italian campaign.

In February 1801 the Franco-Austrian Treaty of Lunéville confirmed France's previous gains and added new lands in Tuscany.