Napoleon

Pius VI died at the citadel of Valence on 29 August 1799, six weeks after arriving there as a prisoner.

The embalmed body lay unburied until January 1800, was removed from Valence in December 1801, and was buried in Rome in February 1802.

French soldiers fortifying Fort Julien near Rosetta in July 1799 uncovered the granodiorite stele, found by officer Pierre-François Bouchard.

The United States and France signed the Convention of 1800, also known as the Treaty of Mortefontaine, on September 30, 1800.

Arguments over Clause II and unaddressed shipping-loss compensation kept Congress from ratifying the convention until December 21, 1801.

The city purchased the property in 1804, and Napoleon established it as a cemetery. Architect Brongniart laid out plans for the site, which was named after a Jesuit confessor.

In 1804, the Père Lachaise contained only 13 graves, reflecting a slow start for the newly opened municipal cemetery.

Schimmelpenninck was appointed Grand Pensionary on 29 April 1805, assuming power from the Uitvoerend Bewind.

Schimmelpenninck was inaugurated as Raadpensionaris on 10 May 1805, wielding powers exceeding those of former Stadtholders.

Nelson assumed command of the British fleet blockading Cádiz in 1805 to counter French and Spanish naval forces.

The Royal Navy defeated the combined Franco-Spanish fleet off Cape Trafalgar on 21 October 1805.

The Battle of Pułtusk took place on 26 December 1806 near Pultusk, Prussia (today Pułtusk, Poland), during the War of the Fourth Coalition.

Liechtenstein joined the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806, a significant step in its historical integration and cooperation policy.

On 12 July 1806, Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, and thirteen other minor German princes formed the Confederation of the Rhine, effectively a French satellite state.

Francis II abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor on 6 August 1806, formally dissolving the Empire following the secession of German states.

Maximilian IV Joseph assumed the title of King Maximilian I on 1 January 1806, following the Peace of Pressburg.

Bavaria seceded from the Holy Roman Empire on 1 August 1806, joining the Confederation of the Rhine.

Bloody, strategically inconclusive battle on 7 and 8 February 1807 between Napoleon's Grande Armée and the Imperial Russian Army under Bennigsen near Preussisch Eylau.

Napoleon and Alexander I met at Tilsit on 25 June 1807 to negotiate peace following the Battle of Friedland.

The first treaty was signed on 7 July 1807 between Napoleon and Alexander I on a raft in the Neman river.

Prussia agreed to reduce its army to 43,000 and pay tributes, with the sum later lowered to 120 million francs.

Wellesley defeated Delaborde's outnumbered French division near Roliça, marking the first British battle of the Peninsular War.

Wellesley defeated Junot's main French force near Vimeiro, following the victory at Roliça.

French Marshal Lannes defeated a Spanish army under General Castaños at Tudela.

After defeating a Spanish army at Somosierra, Napoleon's vanguard arrived before Madrid on 1 December 1808; the city capitulated on 4 December.

The second siege of Zaragoza commenced in December 1808, following the first siege's failure.

The Treaty of Schönbrunn was signed on 14 October 1809 at Schönbrunn Palace near Vienna, concluding the Austro-French war.

Hofer was betrayed near St Martin in Passeier on 28 January 1810 and sent to Mantua in chains to face a court-martial.

Hofer was executed by firing squad on 20 February 1810 at Porta Giulia in Mantua, despite initial pardon attempts.

Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief on the 17th (month not stated) and joined the army on 29 August 1812 at Tsaryovo-Zaymishche, ahead of Borodino.

Two armies of nearly a quarter of a million men fought near Borodino on 7 September 1812, during Napoleon's invasion of Russia.

On 24 June 1812 the initial wave of the multinational Grande Armée crossed the Neman River, entering Russia from the Duchy of Warsaw.

Austria ended its alliance with France in February 1813, shifting to armed neutrality following the failed Russian campaign.

Metternich witnessed the decisive Battle of Leipzig in October 1813 and was rewarded with the rank of prince.

Metternich offered Napoleon peace terms in November 1813, which were rejected, leading to continued war.

Napoleon defeated a combined Prusso-Russian army at Bautzen on 20–21 May 1813, pushing them back but failing to destroy them.

French forces under Napoleon scored a victory against the Army of Bohemia led by Generalissimo Karl von Schwarzenberg despite being heavily outnumbered.

General Jean Victor Moreau, an adviser to the Coalition, was mortally wounded in the battle while talking to the Tsar.

Prussian III Corps defeated the Franco-Saxon VII Corps on 23 August 1813, halting the French advance on Berlin.

The French garrison left Barcelona in May 1814, ending the occupation period from 1812 to 1814 and restoring Spanish Bourbon rule.

Marshal Davout held Hamburg for France until after Napoleon's abdication in April 1814, despite Russian attempts to storm the city.