John Marshall

Howe's army landed in Maryland on August 25, 1777, and moved north toward Philadelphia, its advance monitored by American light infantry based at Cooch's Bridge.

German troops leading the British advance were ambushed by Maxwell's light infantry near Cooch's Bridge; after seven hours of fighting the Americans retreated across the bridge.

Some traditions claim the Battle of Cooch's Bridge was the first battle in which the United States flag was flown.

Gilbert and Marshall sailed through six Gilbert atolls in 1788 without landing, the first Europeans recorded there.

The captains charted islands in the region later named for John Marshall, after earlier Spanish sighting in 1526.

On June 25, 1788, the British ships traded peacefully with islanders at Mili Atoll in the Marshall Islands.

After French seizures of American shipping and Pinckney's rejection as minister, Adams convened Congress and formed a three-man commission to France.

In Paris in early October 1797, agents of Talleyrand demanded a loan and a £50,000 bribe; the commissioners curtly refused and negotiations never became formal.

Talleyrand exploited the commissioners' divisions, appearing only in November to castigate them; Marshall and Pinckney left France in April 1798, and Gerry returned home in October 1798.

Adams released documents substituting X, Y, and Z for the French agents' names; Congress rearmed, nullified the 1778 alliance, and the affair led to the undeclared Quasi-War.

Electors met in their respective states on December 3, 1800, casting ballots that produced a tie between Jefferson and Burr.

In February 1801 the House balloted as states to choose between Jefferson and Burr for president.

Electoral ballots were opened and counted on February 11, 1801, with Georgia's certificate differing from the others.

After thirty-six ballots, the House elected Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice President on February 17, 1801.

The U.S. Senate confirmed John Marshall as Chief Justice on January 27, 1801, following his nomination by President Adams.

Thomas Jefferson was sworn in as the third President of the United States on March 4, 1801, at the Capitol in Washington, D.C.

On February 24, 1803, the Supreme Court issued a unanimous 4-0 decision against Marbury, establishing judicial review.

United States v. Peters is cited as an example of Marshall-era constitutional rulings that gave shape and substance to the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

Jefferson, Monroe, Madison, and Marshall met at Rockfish Gap in 1817 to discuss the university's location and charter.

The Virginia General Assembly chartered the University of Virginia in Charlottesville on January 25, 1819.

The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Dartmouth College, invalidating a New Hampshire legislative act and upholding the college's original charter.

The Supreme Court ruled that the Bill of Rights did not apply to state governments, defining federalism.