Historedia
Person

Francis II

Events
10
Episodes
24
Years
1488–1861

Every event in Historedia whose sources name Francis II, with the role they cite and all of that event’s episodes. This is not a biography, and mentions are grouped by name, so two people with the same name can share this page.

Events and episodes

  1. Accession of Anne of Brittany as Duchess

    1488

    Role: Duke of Brittany

    1. 9 September 1488 · Duchy of BrittanyDeath of Francis II

      Francis II died on 9 September 1488 after falling from his horse, ending his reign and triggering a succession crisis in Brittany.

    2. 9 September 1488 · Duchy of BrittanyAnne's Succession

      Anne became Duchess of Brittany and Countess of Nantes upon her father's death, assuming titles that included Montfort, Richmond, and Limoges.

  2. Francis II Takes Office as Holy Roman Emperor

    1784–1794

    Role: Holy Roman Emperor

    1. 1784 · ViennaPreparation for Emperor

      Francis was sent to Vienna in 1784 to prepare for his future role as Emperor.

    2. 1 March 1792 · ViennaDeath of Leopold II

      Leopold II died on 1 March 1792, leading to Francis II's accession as Holy Roman Emperor.

    3. 1794 · Austrian and Hungarian armiesJacobin Conspiracy

      A Jacobin conspiracy was discovered in 1794, leading to executions and imprisonments.

  3. Battle of Tourcoing

    1794

    Role: Coalition leader, Emperor

    1. 17–18 May 1794 · Near Tourcoing, north of LilleFrench Victory at Tourcoing

      On 17–18 May 1794 Souham's French army defeated the Coalition's poorly coordinated columns near Tourcoing.

    2. 17–18 May 1794 · Tourcoing battlefieldImprovised French Counterattack

      Threatened with encirclement, Souham, Moreau, and Bonnaud improvised a counterattack defeating the separated Coalition columns.

    3. Undated; inferred from the May 1794 battle context · Menen–Kortrijk bulge sector and TournaiCoalition Plan to Envelop the French Bulge

      Mack's plan launched six columns to envelop the French army holding a bulge at Menen and Kortrijk.

  4. French Campaign in Italy: Verona, Leoben, Venice, and Cisalpine Republic

    1797

    Role: Holy Roman Emperor, represented at Leoben by General Maximilian von Merveldt and the Marquis of Gallo

    1. 17–25 April 1797 · Verona, Venetian TerrafermaVeronese Easter rebellion

      Verona's inhabitants rose against French occupation on 17 April 1797 and were crushed by 25 April.

    2. 18 April 1797 · Eggenwaldsches Gartenhaus near Leoben, StyriaPreliminary Peace of Leoben

      Bonaparte and Habsburg representatives signed a preliminary peace near Leoben on 18 April 1797.

    3. 12 May 1797 · VeniceFall of the Republic of Venice

      The Republic of Venice was dissolved on 12 May 1797, ending about 1,100 years of independence.

    4. 29 June 1797 · Milan, capital of the Cisalpine RepublicFoundation of the Cisalpine Republic

      Bonaparte decreed the Cisalpine Republic on 29 June 1797, creating a Directory and appointing ministers.

  5. Treaty of Lunéville ends the War of the Second Coalition

    1801

    Role: Emperor of Austria and Holy Roman Emperor

    1. February 1801 · Treaty of Lunéville settlementCession of Rhine Territories

      The peace treaties ceded the left bank of the Rhine to France, and France obtained new lands in Tuscany.

    2. 9 February 1801 · Treaty House of LunévilleSigning of the Treaty

      The Treaty of Lunéville was signed at 5:00 PM on 9 February 1801, ending Austrian participation in the war.

    3. 9 February 1801 · Treaty House of LunévilleRecognition of Republics

      The treaty recognized the independence of the Batavian, Helvetian, Cisalpine, and Ligurian Republics.

  6. Confederation of the Rhine formed; Holy Roman Empire collapses

    1806

    Role: Last Holy Roman Emperor

    1. 1806 · Confederation of the RhineLiechtenstein Accession

      Liechtenstein joined the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806, a significant step in its historical integration and cooperation policy.

    2. 12 July 1806 · German StatesFormation of the Confederation

      On 12 July 1806, Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, and thirteen other minor German princes formed the Confederation of the Rhine, effectively a French satellite state.

    3. 6 August 1806 · HofburgAbdication and Dissolution

      Francis II abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor on 6 August 1806, formally dissolving the Empire following the secession of German states.

  7. Francis II succeeds Ferdinand II in Naples

    1859

    Role: Successor King of the Two Sicilies

    1. 22 May 1859 · NaplesDeath of Ferdinand II and Accession of Francis II

      Ferdinand II died on 22 May 1859, leading to the immediate succession of his son Francis II as the last Bourbon king of Naples.

  8. Garibaldi defeats the last organized Bourbon army at the Battle of the Volturno

    1860

    Role: King of the Two Sicilies

    1. 30 September 1860 · Part of the broader Volturno clashesPreliminary Clashes

      Garibaldi's volunteers failed to conclusively defeat the reorganized Neapolitan army on 30 September 1860.

    2. 1 October 1860 · Volturno River area between Capua, Santa Maria Capua Vetere and CasertaMain Battle Engagement

      Garibaldi's 30,000 volunteers defeated 25,000 Bourbon troops on 1 October 1860 in the main engagement around the River Volturno.

  9. Garibaldi hands Naples to Victor Emmanuel II at Teano and advances on Gaeta

    1860

    Role: Last King of the Two Sicilies

    1. 26 October 1860 · TeanoMeeting at Teano

      Garibaldi greeted Victor Emmanuel II as King of Italy and handed over control of southern Italy.

  10. Siege of Gaeta ends with Piedmontese capture and exile of Francis II

    1861

    Role: Deposed King of the Two Sicilies

    1. 1861 · RomeGovernment in Exile

      Francis II established a government in exile in Rome, recognized by several Catholic powers, after his deposition.

    2. 13 February 1861 · Fortress of GaetaCapitulation of Gaeta

      Francis II surrendered the fortress on 13 February 1861 after naval withdrawal enabled bombardment, ending the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

Sources

  1. Anne of Brittany Wikipedia, revision of 2026-07-14
  2. Duchy of Brittany Wikipedia
  3. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Wikipedia, revision of 2026-09-25
  4. Battle of Tourcoing Wikipedia, revision of 2026-08-20
  5. Peace of Leoben Wikipedia, revision of 2024-04-14
  6. Treaty of Lunéville Wikipedia, revision of 2026-08-11
  7. Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Wikipedia
  8. Francis II of the Two Sicilies Wikipedia, revision of 2026-09-29
  9. Battle of the Volturno Wikipedia, revision of 2026-08-28