France

France transitioned to the Gregorian calendar in December 1582, with 9 December followed by 20 December.

France ceded Saluzzo to Savoy in exchange for Bugey, Valromey, Gex, and Bresse, plus a payment of 150,000 livres.

Wolfgang Wilhelm and John Sigismund signed the treaty in Xanten on 12 November 1614, mediated by England and France.

France, Savoy, and Venice signed the treaty on 7 February 1623.

Sweden and France signed a military alliance securing French subsidies for a 36,000-strong Swedish army in Germany.

Swedish and Scottish forces stormed the Imperial city of Frankfurt an der Oder, securing the Swedish rear for further advance.

France, Sweden, and Bavaria signed the truce in Ulm on 14 March 1647.

Dunkirk was captured by Franco-English forces in 1658 and awarded to England in the 1659 peace.

Charles II sold Dunkirk to France on 17 October 1662 for £320,000.

The series of treaties concluded between August 1678 and October 1679, ending interconnected wars involving multiple European powers.

The Dutch Republic declared war on France on 8 May 1702, while Britain and the Emperor declared war on 15 May 1702.

The Dutch Republic joined the Treaty of Seville on 29 November 1729.

A preliminary peace treaty was signed in Belgrade on 18 September 1739, initiating the peace process between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.

The final Russo-Turkish peace treaty was signed in Niš on 3 October 1739, ending the war between the two empires.

The treaty was formally concluded with the exchange of diplomatic instruments and a final convention signed in Constantinople on 28 December 1739.

Franco-Spanish forces defeated Sardinian troops on the outskirts of Cuneo on 30 September 1744.

Following the defeat at Hastenbeck, the Hanoverian Army of Observation retreated northwards until reaching Stade.

Encouraged by the Prussian victory at Rossbach, King George II disavowed the treaty, and Hanover re-entered the war the following year.

In 1778 the French, aided by the island's population, began recapturing Dominica from Britain, which had conquered the island in 1761.

France and Spain signed the Treaty of Aranjuez on 21 March 1801, publicly confirming the secret October 1800 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso.

Britain, France, and Russia agreed to create an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty, limited to the Morea and Cyclades.

France, Russia, and Great Britain signed the London Protocol on 3 February 1830, recognizing Greece as a fully sovereign and independent state separate from the Ottoman Empire.

The protocol defined the northern border of Greece from the mouth of the Achelous or Aspropotamos river to the mouth of the Spercheios river.

The London Protocol determined that the Greek state would be a monarchy, ruled by the Ruler Sovereign of Greece.

Ambassadors from Russia, Britain, and France notified Greece and the Ottoman Empire of the protocol on 27 March / 8 April 1830.

Economic provisions for Spain's inclusion in the British commercial system failed to materialize despite a signed treaty.

The treaty split the Province of Limburg into Belgian and Dutch parts, resolving territorial disputes arising from the 1830 revolution.

Belgium was granted the right of transit by rail or canal over Dutch territory as an outlet to the German Ruhr.

The Treaty of London was signed on 19 April 1839, formally recognizing Belgium's independence and establishing its neutrality under international guarantee.

Britain and France demanded Russian withdrawal from Moldavia and Wallachia on 27 February 1854.

A Royal Navy fleet sailed for the Baltic under Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Napier in March 1854.

Britain declared war on Russia on 27 March 1854, following the rejection of an ultimatum to withdraw from the Danubian Principalities.

France declared war on Russia on 28 March 1854, completing the Anglo-French diplomatic sequence against Russian expansion.

Plenipotentiaries agreed on the declaration in April 1856 following the Treaty of Paris, based on a 1854 modus vivendi.

The US withheld formal adherence in 1857 due to the rejection of its Marcy amendment, influenced by British opposition.

An international commission met on 5 September 1860 to investigate the causes of the 1860 sectarian violence and recommend a new administrative system for Lebanon.

Siam renounced suzerainty over Cambodia and officially recognised the French protectorate in 1867.

After the Siamese returned the crown jewels, the French crowned Norodom in 1867, freeing Cambodia from Siamese control.

Britain gained administrative control of Cyprus through the Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878, a secret agreement concluded before the Congress opened, whose outcomes were reflected in the treaty.

The Treaty of Berlin was signed on 13 July 1878, formally settling affairs in the East among the major powers and the Ottoman Empire.

The treaty recognized the independence of Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania, although they lost territory compared to the Treaty of San Stefano.

Austria-Hungary obtained the right to garrison the Bosnia Vilayet and the Sanjak of Novi Pazar.

The 1882 Anglo-French Convention is recorded as marking Guinea–Sierra Leone boundaries; passages confirm coastal French Guinea was under Senegal before 1882.

Eleven countries signed the convention in Paris on 20 March 1883, establishing the Union for industrial property protection.

Articles 2 and 3 mandated that nationals of member states receive equal protection in other Union countries.

Article 4 established the Convention priority right, allowing applicants to preserve filing dates across borders.

Article 11 required temporary protection for goods exhibited at official international exhibitions.

Ten countries signed the first version of the Berne Convention on 9 September 1886 in Bern, establishing legal principles for protecting original works.

France leased Guangzhouwan from China for 99 years, establishing a coastal territory administered by French Indochina.

Inland limits of the leased territory were fixed in November 1899, defining strips from Gaozhou and Leizhou prefectures.