Charles Cornwallis

Four thousand British and Hessian troops under Cornwallis marched from New Brunswick late on April 12 and surprised Lincoln's Continental outpost at Bound Brook the next morning.

After Cooch's Bridge, Washington abandoned Red Clay Creek and deployed at Chadds Ford, guarding multiple fords beginning September 9, 1777.

Armstrong's Pennsylvania militia covered Pyle's Ford; Wayne and Greene held Chadds Ford; Sullivan, Stephen, and Stirling extended northward along the east banks.

Howe demonstrated before Chadds Ford while flanking Washington's right; Knyphausen broke the weakened American center, routing the Continental Army.

Clinton evacuated Newport, left Knyphausen in New York, and sailed December 26, 1779, with 8,500 troops and 5,000 sailors, anchoring February 1, 1780.

British forces advanced to Middleton Place and Drayton Hall, crossed the Ashley River on March 29, 1780, and besieged Charleston for roughly six weeks.

On May 12, 1780, Major General Benjamin Lincoln surrendered the Charleston garrison to the British after approximately six weeks of siege.

The surrender left no substantial American army in the South; after Waxhaws the British cleared South Carolina, and Clinton departed for New York on June 5, 1780.

Greene joined Morgan's troops and Lee's cavalry at Guilford Court House in early February 1781.

British forces defeated the Americans on 15 March 1781, securing the field but suffering heavy losses.

Preliminaries for peace between France and Britain were signed in London, reported as 1 October 1801, following negotiations between Otto and Hawkesbury.