James Monroe re-elected president virtually unopposed (1820–1821)

James Monroe was re-elected president in 1820, virtually unopposed due to the collapse of the Federalist Party. The election occurred amidst the Missouri Compromise controversy, with new states participating. Monroe became the third consecutive president elected to a second term. The electoral count in February 1821 included an objection to Missouri's votes, though the outcome was already decided.

Episodes

Background and detail

Background. The 1820 election took place during the Era of Good Feelings, where single-party politics dominated. Despite Monroe's broad support, opposition existed, particularly regarding internal improvements and slavery. The Missouri Compromise influenced the election, as Maine's separation from Massachusetts affected electoral vote counts. New states like Alabama, Illinois, Maine, Mississippi, and Missouri participated, with Missouri's status causing controversy.

Electoral Process. Presidential elections were held from November 1 to December 6, 1820. The Virginia legislative caucus nominated electors in February 1820, acknowledging Monroe would not veto the Missouri Compromise. Congress passed laws regarding Missouri's statehood, leading to contention when Congress reconvened in November 1820. The Senate later resolved that objections to Missouri's votes would only matter if they changed the presidency.

Opposition and Legacy. Monroe faced criticism from newspapers like the Kentucky Gazette and the Aurora, which accused him of championing slavery and the national bank. Despite these criticisms, he was re-elected. He became the third consecutive president to serve a second term, following Jefferson and Madison. The election was notable for its broad support but lacked unanimity.

People involved

Sources

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