Granadine Confederation becomes the United States of Colombia (1863)

The Granadine Confederation was renamed the United States of Colombia following the civil war of 1860–1862. Liberal General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera defeated conservative forces and installed himself as president. The name change was formalized by Congress in February 1863 and the Constitution of Rionegro in May 1863, establishing a federal state composed of sovereign states.

Episodes

Background and detail

Background. The civil war of 1860–1862 resulted in the dissolution of the Granadine Confederation, which had faced increasing conservative efforts to centralize rule. Liberal General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera defeated the conservative government of President Bartolomé Calvo during 1862 and was installed as new president. This conflict set the stage for the political reorganization of the nation.

Name Change. Mosquera initially renamed the country United States of New Granada in July 1861. This name was short-lived, as he changed it to United States of Colombia in November 1861. Congress approved this name on 3 February 1863, and the Constitution of Rionegro was promulgated on 8 May 1863, formally adopting the new designation.

Federal Structure. The new entity became a federal state composed of nine sovereign states. It comprised present-day Colombia, Panama, and parts of northwestern Brazil. The liberals attempted to establish the United States of Colombia with a decentralized, free market system, contrasting with the previous centralist tendencies of the Granadine Confederation.

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Sources

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