Treaty of Zuhab between Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia
- When
- 1639
- Where
- Qasr-e Shirin; Caucasus
- Episodes
- 2
The Treaty of Zuhab, signed on 17 May 1639 at Qasr-e Shirin, ended the 1623–1639 Ottoman–Safavid War. It clarified territorial divisions in the Caucasus and West Asia, serving as a point of departure for future diplomatic agreements between the empires.
Episodes
- Caucasus Partition
The treaty permanently divided the Caucasus, assigning specific regions to Safavid and Ottoman control.
- Signing of the Treaty
The accord was signed on 17 May 1639 at Qasr-e Shirin, ending the 1623–1639 war.
Background and detail
Context. The treaty concluded the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1623–1639, marking the end of nearly 150 years of intermittent conflicts over territorial disputes. It aimed to clarify divisions between the two empires and served as a point of departure for subsequent diplomatic relations.
Territorial Terms. The agreement confirmed the partition of the Caucasus, leaving East Armenia, eastern Georgia, Dagestan, and Shirvan under Safavid control. Conversely, western Georgia and most of Western Armenia came fully under Ottoman rule, solidifying the division of West Asian territories.
Long-term Impact. Zuhab proved more resilient than previous treaties, becoming a point of departure for future agreements. Although border disputes persisted, 19th-century efforts used the treaty to lay out the rough frontier between modern Iran and the states of Turkey and Iraq, which remained the Ottoman–Iranian border until 1918.
Sources
- Treaty of Zuhab Wikipedia, revision of 2026-08-20
Machine-drafted from the cited Wikipedia passages and checked by a reviewing model, not by a human editor. Every passage cites the revision it was written from; dates and places follow those passages.