Treaty of Fort Harmar
- When
- 1789
- Where
- Fort Harmar, Northwest Territory
- Episodes
- 2
The Treaty of Fort Harmar was concluded at Fort Harmar in the Northwest Territory on January 9, 1789, between the United States and seven Indigenous nations with claims in the Northwest Territory. Negotiators including Arthur St. Clair met national leaders of the Haudenosaunee, Ojibwe, Odawa, Potawatomi, Sauk, Wyandot, and Lenape. The treaty was meant to address problems with the 1784 Treaty of Fort Stanwix and the 1785 Treaty of Fort McIntosh but largely reiterated their terminology with minor changes.
Episodes
- Conclusion of the Treaty at Fort Harmar
United States negotiators and leaders of seven Indigenous nations concluded the Treaty of Fort Harmar on January 9, 1789.
- Relationship to Fort Stanwix and Fort McIntosh
The treaty was meant to address issues with the 1784 Fort Stanwix and 1785 Fort McIntosh treaties but largely reiterated their terms with minor changes.
Background and detail
Background. The United States had acquired from the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1783 a European land claim known as the Northwest Territory, within which several Indigenous nations held territorial claims. Two earlier agreements—the 1784 Treaty of Fort Stanwix and the 1785 Treaty of Fort McIntosh—had left unresolved issues that the new treaty was supposed to address.
Negotiation and Signing. National leaders representing the Haudenosaunee, Ojibwe, Odawa, Potawatomi, Sauk, Wyandot, and Lenape met with United States treaty negotiators, including Arthur St. Clair. The treaty was concluded at Fort Harmar in the Northwest Territory on January 9, 1789.
Terms and Relationship to Earlier Treaties. Although intended to resolve problems with the 1784 Treaty of Fort Stanwix and the 1785 Treaty of Fort McIntosh, the Treaty of Fort Harmar largely reiterated the earlier terminology, with only minor changes. The agreement involved all the Indigenous nations with territorial claims within the Northwest Territory acquired from Great Britain in 1783.
People involved
- Arthur St. Clair · United States treaty negotiator
- Haudenosaunee · Indigenous nation party to the treaty
- Ojibwe · Indigenous nation party to the treaty
- Odawa · Indigenous nation party to the treaty
- Potawatomi · Indigenous nation party to the treaty
- Sauk · Indigenous nation party to the treaty
- Wyandot · Indigenous nation party to the treaty
- Lenape · Indigenous nation party to the treaty
Sources
- Treaty of Fort Harmar Wikipedia, revision of 2026-09-18
Machine-drafted from the cited Wikipedia passages and checked by a reviewing model, not by a human editor. Every passage cites the revision it was written from; dates and places follow those passages.