Treaty of Campo Formio
- When
- 1797–1799
- Where
- Leoben; Campo Formio (today Campoformido); Congress venue not specified in sources; Venice; Italian states under the Holy Roman Emperor; Southern Netherlands
- Episodes
- 6
The Treaty of Campo Formio, signed on 17 October 1797 by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Philipp von Cobenzl, ended the War of the First Coalition. Building on the armistice of Leoben, it left Britain fighting revolutionary France alone, though secret articles and later breakdowns shaped the peace's short life.
Episodes
- Armistice of Leoben Precedes the Treaty
The armistice of Leoben, forced on the Habsburgs by Napoleon's Italian victories, set the terms later reflected at Campo Formio.
- Signing of the Treaty of Campo Formio
Bonaparte and Cobenzl signed the treaty on 17 October 1797 at Campo Formio, ending the War of the First Coalition.
- Secret Articles and the Congress
Secret articles committed Austria to cooperate with France at the congress, which failed to secure peace before war resumed in 1799.
- End of the Kingdom of Italy
Italian states formally ceased owing fealty to the Holy Roman Emperor, ending the de jure Kingdom of Italy.
- Peasants' War in the Southern Netherlands
The French introduction of conscription sparked the Peasants' War in the Southern Netherlands in 1798, a consequence of the treaty.
- Austrian Entry into Venice
Austrian troops entered Venice on 18 January 1798 and held a reception at the Doge's Palace three days later, honouring Ludovico Manin.
Background and detail
Background. The treaty followed the armistice of Leoben of 18 April 1797, which had been forced on the Habsburgs by Napoleon's victorious campaign in Italy. Its terms largely reflected those agreed at Leoben, although the talks were prolonged by both parties for various reasons before the October signing.
The Signing. The Treaty of Campo Formio (today Campoformido) was signed on 17 October 1797, corresponding to 26 Vendémiaire Year VI. Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Philipp von Cobenzl acted as representatives of the French Republic and the Austrian monarchy respectively, concluding the War of the First Coalition.
Consequences. The treaty left Great Britain fighting alone against revolutionary France. Its secret articles bound Austria, as the personal state of the Emperor, to work with France toward certain ends at the congress. The congress failed to secure peace, and by early 1799 France and Austria were at war again.
People involved
- Napoleon Bonaparte · Representative of the French Republic
- Count Philipp von Cobenzl · Representative of the Austrian monarchy
Sources
- Treaty of Campo Formio Wikipedia, revision of 2026-09-30
Machine-drafted from the cited Wikipedia passages and checked by a reviewing model, not by a human editor. Every passage cites the revision it was written from; dates and places follow those passages.