Adolphe Thiers becomes President of the French Republic

Background. The French Third Republic began in September 1870 after the collapse of the Second Empire during the Franco-Prussian War. Early political disruption was significant, with the Government of National Defence ruling during the Siege of Paris. Following the war's conclusion and the suppression of the Paris Commune in May 1871, the political landscape shifted, leading to Thiers's elevation to the presidency.

Political Context. Thiers faced opposition from monarchists and the left wing of republicans in the National Assembly. His presidency was marked by efforts to pay off debts to Germany and liberate occupied French territory. The Assembly voted to change his title from Chief of the Executive Power to President of the Republic in August 1871, reflecting the evolving governance structure.

Transition. Thiers's tenure ended with his resignation on 24 May 1873. He was replaced by Patrice de MacMahon, who had been elected President in May 1873. MacMahon's popularity was bolstered by his victory over the Commune, and he held the office until January 1879, marking a shift in the leadership of the Third Republic.