Tay Rail Bridge collapses in a storm, killing 75

Background. The Tay Rail Bridge, designed by Sir Thomas Bouch, utilized lattice girders supported by iron piers with cast iron columns. Construction issues, including high girder falls in 1877, increased costs and delays. The bridge opened for passenger services in June 1878 after a Board of Trade inspection. Bouch was knighted in 1879 following royal use of the structure.

Structural Concerns. Prior to the disaster, concerns about vibration and shaking were noted. Ex-provost Robertson complained about lateral movement, estimated at one to two inches, particularly at high speeds. Painters and joiners reported shaking, with lateral motion being more alarming. Maintenance checks revealed chattering tie bars, requiring re-tensioning in late 1878, though only two ties needed attention in December 1879.

Inquiry Findings. A court of inquiry established under the Regulation of Railways Act 1871 investigated the causes. Findings attributed the collapse to insufficient cross-bracing and fastenings to sustain the gale's force, noting prior strain from other gales. Tests in 1880 showed serious distortion, declaring eight piers unsafe. The disaster is ranked as the fifth-deadliest railway accident in UK history.