Establishment of the Survey of the Coast in the United States

Background. The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey originated as the Survey of the Coast, created by an Act of Congress on February 10, 1807. This agency was the first scientific agency of the U.S. government, reflecting President Thomas Jefferson's interest in science and international trade. Its primary mission was to use scientific surveying methods to chart the waters of the United States, making them safe for navigation.

Early Obstacles. Despite its establishment in 1807, the Survey faced immediate challenges. The Embargo Act of 1807 halted American overseas trade, preventing the new agency from beginning its work. Additionally, the War of 1812 forced key personnel, such as Ferdinand Hassler, to remain in Europe for several years, delaying the procurement of necessary instruments and the start of field operations.

Legislative Changes. In 1818, Congress repealed most of the 1807 statute, removing the Survey from the Department of the Treasury and prohibiting civilian employment for coastal surveys. This legislation suspended the Survey's operations and removed Hassler from the superintendency. The agency remained inactive for fourteen years until Congress renewed the original law in 1832, restoring its authority and funding.