Spain recognizes the independence of Mexico

Background. Following the Mexican War of Independence, which ended in 1821, Spain initially refused to accept the loss of its former colony. The Treaty of Córdoba in 1821 recognized independence, but formal diplomatic relations remained strained. Spain attempted military reconquest, notably through the expedition of General Isidro Barradas in 1829, which failed. These events set the stage for the diplomatic negotiations that culminated in 1836.

Treaty Negotiation. The recognition of Mexican independence was formalized through the Santa María–Calatrava Treaty. The agreement was signed in Madrid on 28 December 1836. The signatories were the Mexican Commissioner Miguel Santa María and the Spanish state minister José María Calatrava. This treaty marked the end of the period of strained relations and established formal diplomatic ties between Spain and Mexico.

Diplomatic Establishment. Formal diplomatic relations between Mexico and Spain were established in 1836, approximately fifteen years after the end of the Mexican War of Independence. The establishment of these relations followed the recognition of independence by Spain under the rule of Isabella II. This development normalized the political status of Mexico as a sovereign nation in the eyes of the Spanish government.