Second Manchu invasion of Korea
- When
- 1636
- Where
- Joseon Kingdom
- Episodes
- 1
Following the Qing invasion of 1636, the Joseon court formally submitted to Manchu demands in 1637. This submission established Qing hegemony in the tributary system and severed Joseon's ties with the Ming dynasty, despite continued private defiance.
Episodes
Background and detail
Background. The 1636–1637 conflict, known as Byeongja Horan, followed the 1627 Later Jin invasion. Hong Taiji launched a three-pronged attack in December 1636 after securing coastal approaches to prevent Ming reinforcements. Joseon forces defended key fortresses against Manchu assaults for several weeks.
Diplomatic Submission. By January 1637, despite successful defensive sorties, Joseon was forced to establish a tributary relationship with the Qing. The court officially yielded obedience, cutting ties with the declining Ming dynasty. This marked the formal severance of Joseon's relationship with the Han-led Ming government.
Aftermath. Although the Joseon court officially submitted, Koreans privately maintained a defiant attitude toward the Qing. Sentiments of Manchu barbarity persisted in Korean discourse. The humiliation of the Joseon kings and the destruction of the Ming had a profound psychological impact on Korean society.
People involved
- Hong Taiji · Qing leader who led the invasion
- Joseon Court · Korean government that submitted to Qing demands
Sources
- Qing invasion of Joseon Wikipedia, revision of 2026-08-22
Machine-drafted from the cited Wikipedia passages and checked by a reviewing model, not by a human editor. Every passage cites the revision it was written from; dates and places follow those passages.