Rocky Mountains Park Act creates Banff National Park

Background. The origins of the Rocky Mountains Park Act lay in the rapid development of western Canada during the 1880s. Following the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway through the Rocky Mountains, federal officials and railway promoters viewed the region’s scenery, mineral springs, and recreational opportunities as assets that could attract tourists and settlers.

Legislative Framework. The Rocky Mountains Park Act outlined the national park concept, balancing conservation and development interests within the park. It was modelled on the Yellowstone National Park Protection Act passed by the United States Congress in 1872. The resulting legislation sought to preserve natural attractions while encouraging tourism and economic development, establishing a model for Canada’s national park system.

Park Establishment. Under the Rocky Mountains Park Act, enacted on June 23, 1887, the existing reserve was expanded to 674 km2 (260 sq mi) and named Rocky Mountains Park. This was Canada's first national park, and the third established in North America, after Yellowstone and Mackinac National Parks. The act is regarded as the foundation of Canada's national park system.