Spain grants autonomy to Puerto Rico (1897–1898)

Spain granted autonomy to Puerto Rico through a royal decree signed in November 1897, establishing a framework for local self-government. The charter authorized an autonomous government with jurisdiction over local affairs, surpassing previous colonial demands. Although signed in late 1897, the system formally took effect in early 1898, marking a significant shift in administrative authority before the end of Spanish rule.

Episodes

Background and detail

Background. The Autonomy Charter was the first statute of autonomy granted by Spain to a province, specifically the Captaincy General of Puerto Rico. It was issued during the premiership of Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, signed by Queen Regent Maria Christina on behalf of Alfonso XIII. The document was published in the Gaceta de Madrid in late November 1897, setting the stage for a new political structure.

Charter Provisions. The charter authorized the formation of an autonomous government with an Insular Parliament. This body consisted of a House of Representatives and a Board of Directors, with jurisdiction over local affairs including Grace, Justice, Government, Finance, and Development. These provisions were considered the most advanced self-government documents in the Caribbean, comparable to dominion status in Canada.

Implementation. The autonomous system officially came into force on February 10, 1898, when the new island government was sworn in before Governor Manuel Macías Casado. In March and April 1898, the Legislative Assembly was elected, resulting in a large majority for the Liberal Autonomist Union led by Muñoz Rivera.

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Sources

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