Portuguese sack of Kilwa Kisiwani (1505)

In July 1505, Portuguese forces attacked and sacked Kilwa Kisiwani. The assault involved eight ships targeting a population of roughly 4,000. The city was subsequently burnt to the ground, leaving many questions about its post-attack layout unanswered.

Episodes

Background and detail

Background. Kilwa Kisiwani was the center of the Kilwa Sultanate, a medieval Swahili state. By the 14th century, it had become the most powerful city on the Swahili Coast. It served as a leading commercial entrepôt on the southern half of the coast, trading extensively with the African hinterland.

Portuguese Campaign. Francisco de Almeida was appointed the first viceroy of the Portuguese State of India in 1505. His mission aimed to bring the spice trade under Portuguese control, build forts along the east African and Indian coasts, and construct trading posts through alliances with local chieftains.

The Assault. After rounding the Cape of Good Hope, Almeida's fleet proceeded to Kilwa. In July 1505, the Portuguese employed eight ships to attack the harbour town, which had a population of roughly 4,000. The city was sacked and burnt to the ground.

People involved

Sources

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