Peace of Hamina (Treaty of Fredrikshamn) ends the Finnish War, 17 September 1809
- When
- 1809
- Where
- Hamina; Finland
- Episodes
- 2
The Treaty of Fredrikshamn, also known as the Peace of Hamina, concluded the Finnish War on 17 September 1809. Signed in Hamina, the agreement ceded Finland to the Russian Empire, establishing it as an autonomous Grand Duchy. This transfer marked a significant loss for Sweden and laid the foundation for Finland's future administrative development.
Episodes
- Cession of Finland
Finland was ceded to Russia, becoming an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire, a significant loss for Sweden.
- Signing of the Treaty
The Treaty of Fredrikshamn was signed in Hamina on 17 September 1809, formally ending the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia.
Background and detail
Background. The Finnish War, fought between Sweden and Russia from 1808 to 1809, resulted in the conquest of Finland. Following the Swedish defeat, the Treaty of Fredrikshamn was signed in Hamina. The treaty established the eastern third of Sweden as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire, marking a bitter loss for the Swedish kingdom.
Terms and Status. The treaty concluded the war and defined Finland's new status. It established Finland as a true autonomous grand duchy within the Russian Empire. The agreement, alongside the Diet of Porvoo, constituted the cornerstone for the grand duchy's administration and institutions, influencing the development of Finnish culture and language.
Signatories. The treaty was concluded between Sweden and Imperial Russia. The Russian delegation included Nikolay Rumyantsev and David Alopaeus. The Swedish delegation consisted of Infantry General Kurt von Stedingk and Colonel Anders Fredrik Skjöldebrand. These plenipotentiaries represented their respective governments in the signing process.
People involved
- Nikolay Rumyantsev · Russian Plenipotentiary
- Nikolay Rumyantsev · Russian Plenipotentiary
- David Alopaeus · Russian Plenipotentiary
- Kurt von Stedingk · Swedish Plenipotentiary
- Anders Fredrik Skjöldebrand · Swedish Plenipotentiary
Sources
- Treaty of Fredrikshamn Wikipedia, revision of 2025-10-06
- Hamina Wikipedia, revision of 2026-08-31
- Grand Duchy of Finland Wikipedia, revision of 2026-09-16
- Finnish War Wikipedia, revision of 2026-08-22
Machine-drafted from the cited Wikipedia passages and checked by a reviewing model, not by a human editor. Every passage cites the revision it was written from; dates and places follow those passages.