Institution of the Order of Alexander Nevsky

Background. Emperor Peter I envisioned the order to reward military bravery but died before its creation. Catherine I, who became Empress in February 1725, established the order in memory of Saint Alexander Nevsky, the patron saint of Saint Petersburg, to honor those who defended Russia against foreign invaders.

Institution and First Awards. The order was first awarded on 21 May 1725 (O.S.) on the occasion of the wedding of Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna and Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. A dozen guests received the reward, and the order was originally granted to distinguished Russian citizens who served with honor, mostly through political or military service.

Early Development. The order quickly fell behind the Order of Saint Andrew and the Order of Saint Catherine in prestige. Empress Catherine complained about this situation and by September 1725, she took it upon herself to determine who would receive the award, ensuring it was granted the highest esteem and not bestowed upon people below the rank of Lieutenant-General.