Napoleon decrees Rome the second capital of the French Empire

Background. Rome was annexed to the First French Empire in May 1809, forming the Département du Tibre. This followed earlier annexations of Papal territories in 1808. The administrative status changed to Département Rome in 1810, lasting until 1814. The decree's specific designation as 'second capital' is not supported by the provided texts, which only confirm the annexation and département status.

Administrative Changes. The transition from Département du Tibre to Département Rome occurred in 1810. This reorganization was part of broader territorial expansions, including the annexation of Holland and Westphalia. French authorities liquidated government debt by suppressing religious corporations and confiscating property. The specific decree date and 'second capital' designation are not evidenced in the supplied passages.

Religious Context. The administrative changes occurred during conflict between Napoleon and the Papacy. Napoleon was excommunicated by Pope Pius VII in 1809 following the annexation of Rome. The Pope was arrested in July 1809 and transferred to Fontainebleau in 1812. The French administration suppressed religious corporations in Rome to address government debt.