Event of 1814: Swedish–Norwegian War (1814) – The Convention of Moss is signed, ending the Swed

Background. In 1814, Denmark-Norway was on the losing side in the Napoleonic Wars. Under the Treaty of Kiel, negotiated on 14 January 1814, Norway was ceded to the king of Sweden, of the new House of Bernadotte. In an attempt to take control of their destiny, the Norwegians convened a constitutional assembly at Eidsvoll and, on 17 May 1814, signed the Constitution of Norway.

Military Campaign. The de facto Swedish ruler, Crown Prince Charles John, acting on behalf of King Charles XIII of Sweden, rejected the premise of an independent Norway and launched a military campaign on 2 July 1814 with an attack on the Hvaler islands and the city of Fredrikstad. This conflict arose from Norway's claim to sovereignty following the Treaty of Kiel.

Terms of Union. Notably, Norway was no longer to be treated as a Swedish conquest but as an equal party in a union of two independent states. Christian Frederik's actions in 1814 greatly helped in allowing Norway to go into the union with Sweden as an equal and independent part in which Norway retained its own parliament and separate institutions except for the common king and foreign service.