Thomas Maitland appointed first Governor of Malta

Background. Malta had been a British protectorate since the capitulation of French forces in 1800. The political status changed in 1813 when the island was transformed into a British Crown colony by the Bathurst Constitution. This shift ended the era of the protectorate and established a new administrative framework under British colonial rule.

Appointment and Transition. On 23 July 1813, Sir Thomas Maitland replaced Sir Hildebrand Oakes. Maitland was the first Civil Commissioner to be given the title of "Governor," reflecting the change in status from protectorate to colony. He had previously served as Governor of Ceylon and was appointed to this new role in Malta.

Arrival and Crisis. Maitland arrived in Malta on 3 October 1813 and took his oath of office on 5 October. His tenure began during a severe plague outbreak that started in March 1813, particularly affecting Valletta and the Grand Harbour area. The epidemic significantly impacted the island's social and economic stability.