The Liberal Wars end with the Convention of Evoramonte

Background. The Liberal Wars (1828–1834) were fought between constitutionalists led by Pedro IV and traditionalists led by Miguel I. The conflict arose from succession disputes following King John VI's death. By early 1834, the Liberals controlled major cities like Lisbon and Porto. The Battle of Asseiceira on 16 May 1834 was the last and decisive engagement of the war; the Miguelist army remained formidable, numbering about 18,000 men, before peace was declared at Evoramonte on 26 May 1834.

Terms of the Concession. The Concession of Evoramonte stipulated that Dom Miguel formally renounced all claims to the Portuguese throne. He was guaranteed an annual pension but subjected to perpetual banishment from the Kingdom. Article 1 granted general amnesty for political crimes committed since 21 July 1826. Additionally, all commanders and authorities still recognizing Miguel's government were ordered to submit immediately to the government of Queen Maria II.

Aftermath and Protest. Immediately after arriving in Genoa on 20 June 1834, Dom Miguel protested the Concession to the Courts of Europe, claiming it was illegal and imposed by force by the Quadruple Alliance. He argued that his departure was compelled and protested any innovations contrary to the fundamental law of the kingdom. Pedro IV restored the Constitutional Charter but died shortly after in September 1834.