Lattimer massacre in Pennsylvania

Strike Context. In August 1897, the Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company cut wages and raised fees, triggering strikes among teenaged drivers and miners. By August 16, nearly 2,000 workers were on strike, and most joined the United Mine Workers. Although an initial agreement was reached, owners reneged on promises regarding pay rates and working conditions by September 1, 1897.

The Massacre. On September 10, 1897, 300 to 400 unarmed strikers, mostly Slavs and Germans, marched to the Lattimer mine to support the UMW. A sheriff's posse intercepted them. A deputy was overheard expressing intent to kill. At least 19 miners were killed, and between 17 and 49 were wounded. The event is considered a turning point for the UMW.

Immediate Aftermath. Following the violence, more than 2,500 troops were deployed in the region. On September 11, Slavic community leaders held a rally to calm workers, raise funds for victims' families, and demand the prosecution of Sheriff Martin and his deputies. The massacre fostered broader solidarity among workers across ethnic lines in the anthracite region.