Invasion of Naples: Ferdinand flees, Joseph Bonaparte enters

Background. The invasion occurred during the War of the Third Coalition. Ferdinand IV initially signed a neutrality treaty with France but later supported Austria. Following Napoleon's victories in late 1805, Ferdinand was declared to have forfeited his kingdom. British and Russian forces landed in Naples in November 1805, but French columns crossed the border in February 1806, causing the royal court to flee.

Ferdinand's Flight. Ferdinand IV fled to Palermo on 23 January 1806, followed by his family. He withdrew to his domain in Sicily, where he was protected by the Royal Navy and a British Army garrison. This withdrawal prevented total French success in the campaign, as Ferdinand maintained his authority in Sicily despite losing Naples.

Joseph Bonaparte's Entry. Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon's older brother, was appointed to reign over the newly formed Napoleonic kingdom of Naples. On 14 February 1806, Masséna took possession of Naples, and the following day, Joseph staged a triumphant entrance into the city. He was formally installed as King of Naples and Sicily by decree in March 1806.