Event of 1814: The Swedish–Norwegian War (1814) begins with a Swedish attack. (1814)

The Swedish-Norwegian War began in July 1814 with a Swedish naval attack on Norwegian gunboats at Hvaler. This conflict stemmed from earlier diplomatic agreements where Sweden secured support for an attack on Norway to force territorial concessions from Denmark-Norway, following the defeat of Napoleon's forces.

Episodes

Background and detail

Background. Prior to the war, Swedish Crown Prince Charles John agreed with Tsar Alexander I in 1812 that Russia would support a Swedish attack on Norway to force Denmark-Norway to cede territory. Treaties in 1813 ceded Norway to Sweden after the defeat of France and its allies, including Denmark-Norway, setting the stage for military action.

Military Context. The Swedish Army consisted of 45,000 to 66,800 well-equipped soldiers, many veterans of the German Campaign of 1813. The Danish position was considered hopeless by early 1814, as King Frederick VI reconciled himself to losing Norway, creating a favorable strategic environment for Swedish military operations.

Outbreak of Hostilities. Hostilities officially opened on 26 July 1814 with a swift Swedish naval attack against Norwegian gunboats at Hvaler. This initial engagement marked the beginning of the war, which was fought between Sweden and Norway during the summer of 1814.

People involved

Sources

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