New Zealand's first railway opens at Nelson

Background. The Dun Mountain Copper Mining Company formed in 1857 to exploit chromite deposits. A tramway route was selected, and legislative approval sought in 1860. Earthworks and rail deliveries occurred throughout 1861, with contractors hired for various sections. The line was designed to transport ore from the mines to Nelson port, establishing the infrastructure for what would become New Zealand's first railway.

Opening. The railway was officially opened on 3 February 1862. It was a 3 ft narrow gauge, horse-drawn tramway. The company initially prohibited passenger carriage in wagons to prioritize ore transport capacity. Passenger services were later introduced, with the inaugural tram service occurring in May 1862, marking the beginning of public transit on the line.

Operations. Horses pulled wagons at an average speed of 4 miles per hour. The line required daily return services between the city and port. Passenger stations were arranged in January 1862. The tram service expanded in 1864, with half-hourly services introduced. By-laws regarding smoking and ticket purchases were implemented in July 1864.