First International Conference of American States begins in Washington, D.C.

Background. James G. Blaine conceived the idea for an Inter-American Conference in 1881, but political reversals delayed its realization until the Harrison administration. Congress urged President Cleveland to hold the meeting, which Blaine continued to lobby for as a private citizen. The conference aimed to serve U.S. interests by setting the agenda and showcasing American strengths, while also addressing post-War of the Pacific tensions in South America.

Delegates and Preparations. Thirty-six Latin American delegates participated in the conference. Before the sessions began, they were given a six-week train tour of the United States to instill camaraderie and showcase American industrial capacity. The delegates engaged in personal and official contact over seven months, significantly increasing their mutual knowledge and understanding of each other's positions.

Outcomes and Legacy. The conference failed to establish an effective customs union but achieved agreements on commercial matters and arbitration. Its most significant achievement was the creation of a permanent secretariat, the International Bureau of American Republics, founded on 14 April 1890. This body later became the Pan American Union and ultimately the Organization of American States.