First Canadian general election returns Macdonald's Conservatives to government

Background. Macdonald was sworn in as prime minister on July 1, 1867, by Governor General Lord Monck. The election was held to elect members for the House of Commons of the 1st Canadian Parliament. Representation was based on population, with Manitoba and British Columbia excluded as they were created later during the term.

Electoral Framework. The election lacked uniform federal laws, relying instead on provincial rules prior to Confederation. Ontario's 1866 laws required property qualifications for voters, ranging from $100 to $600 depending on location. Approximately 16.5 percent of Ontario's population was enfranchised. Polls closed at different dates over a six-week period.

Political Context. Macdonald, a dominant figure in Confederation, led the Conservatives. He had been appointed premier in time to lead the party in this general election. The Liberals, led by George Brown, ran concurrently for seats in Ontario and the federal House. Brown might have become Prime Minister if the Liberals had prevailed.

Outcome. Macdonald's party won easily, with strong support in both large provinces and a majority from New Brunswick. The result kept Macdonald in power, though French-Canadian support was a key element of his governing position. One riding remained unrepresented until a by-election in 1869.