Fedorovych Uprising

Background. The uprising was ignited by the increasing enserfment and exploitation of Ukrainian peasants by Polish nobility and the imposition of Catholicism on traditionally Eastern Orthodox Ukrainians. The 1625 Treaty of Kurukove had previously restricted registered Cossacks to six thousand, creating tension. Fedorovych addressed commoners with Universal acts, calling for a uprising against Polish usurpers.

Military Campaign. The rebellion spread across nearby territories, with Cossacks and peasants rising against Polish nobles and Jewish landowners. Rebels captured and executed Hetman Hryhoriy Chorny for his pro-Polish stance. After a victory at Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi, the rebels controlled a large territory including Kaniv and established their main base at Pereyaslav.

Negotiations and Treaty. A large Polish army led by Stanisław Koniecpolski was sent to confront the Cossacks. Skirmishes around Pereyaslav lasted three weeks, culminating in an indecisive battle on 25 May 1630. Fedorovych's successes forced Koniecpolski to initiate negotiations, concluding with the Treaty of Pereyaslav, though many of Fedorovych's demands were discarded by other Cossack leaders.