Battle of the Pyramids and Occupation of Cairo

Strategic Context. The engagement occurred during the French invasion of Egypt and Syria, a military expedition led by Napoleon Bonaparte during the French Revolutionary Wars. After landing in Alexandria, the French army marched across the desert toward Cairo to consolidate their gains in Ottoman-held territory.

The Engagement at Embabeh. Fought on 21 July 1798 near the village of Embabeh, the battle saw Napoleon's forces confront Mamluk-led troops under Murad Bey. Although the combat took place near Embabeh, Napoleon named the victory after the distant Great Pyramid of Giza, creating the historical designation 'Battle of the Pyramids.'

Occupation of Cairo. Following the defeat of the Mamluk forces, the French army advanced into Cairo. Napoleon swiftly conquered the city, establishing French rule which subsequently faced local resistance, including the Cairo uprising later in 1798. Murad Bey escaped to Upper Egypt to wage a guerrilla campaign.