Donghak Peasant Revolution erupts in Korea

Background. The revolution was rooted in peasant discontent fueled by harsh policies from local magistrates like Jo Byeong-gap, who enforced oppressive taxes and fines. The movement, primarily composed of Donghak followers, rejected Western ideals and protested against Seoul's rice taxes and the presence of Japanese traders. These grievances culminated in an organized uprising in Jeolla Province.

Outbreak. On 10 January 1894, a thousand rebels gathered in an abandoned horse ranch, an early sign of mobilization. By March 1894, a group of peasants led by Jeon Bong-jun and Kim Gae-nam began an uprising against local authorities, marking the organized eruption of the revolution.

Foreign Intervention. Unable to suppress the rebellion, the Joseon government requested military assistance from both China and Japan. Japan protested that China had not notified them as required by the Convention of Tientsin. This diplomatic breach exacerbated tensions between the two powers, leading to the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War, which further complicated the situation in Korea.