Dominican Republic gains independence from Haiti (1844)

The Dominican Republic declared independence from Haiti on February 27, 1844, in Santo Domingo. This event followed the 1822 unification of Hispaniola and the 1843 overthrow of Haitian President Jean-Pierre Boyer. Key figures Juan Pablo Duarte, Francisco del Rosario Sánchez, and Matías Ramón Mella organized the separatist movement, leading to the seizure of the Puerta del Conde fortress and the subsequent proclamation of independence.

Episodes

Background and detail

Background. Hispaniola had been united for 22 years under Haitian rule since 1822. The political landscape shifted in 1843 when a liberal party overthrew President Jean-Pierre Boyer. This revolution created favorable conditions for Dominican independence. The secret society La Trinitaria, organized by Duarte, Mella, and Sánchez, promoted the revolt against Haitian rule, setting the stage for the 1844 declaration.

Pre-Declaration Events. In December 1843, rebels urged Duarte to return due to fears of exposure. Duarte had been exiled to Curaçao in August 1843. In his absence, Francisco del Rosario Sánchez led the movement, forming alliances with conservative sectors. This resulted in the Manifesto of January 16, 1844, which prepared the ground for the immediate action in February.

Declaration of Independence. On February 27, 1844, approximately 100 Dominicans seized the fortress of Puerta del Conde in Santo Domingo. The following day, the Haitian garrison surrendered. This action led to the proclamation of independence. Duarte returned to Santo Domingo on March 15, 1844, where he was well received by the people.

People involved

Sources

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