Cumberland and Oxford Canal connects southern Maine lakes to Portland

Background. The canal was authorized through a state lottery to raise $50,000, with the Canal Bank of Portland chartered in 1825. The project aimed to link the largest lakes of southern Maine with the seaport of Portland. The canal followed the Presumpscot River through several towns, including Standish, Windham, Gorham, and Westbrook, before reaching the Fore River estuary.

Construction and Cost. The canal was completed in 1830 at a total cost of $206,000. It opened in June 1830, establishing a navigable route from Sebago Lake to Portland Harbor. The construction involved excavating a canal that diverged from the Presumpscot River at Westbrook to reach the navigable Fore River estuary.

Early Operations. Canal boats using the lakes featured hinged centerboard keels and two hinged masts for gaff-rigged sails. These features allowed the vessels to fold down their masts for passage under bridges through the excavated canal sections, facilitating movement between the lake waters and the canal infrastructure.