Final Act of the Congress of Vienna signed (1815)

The Final Act of the Congress of Vienna was signed on 9 June 1815 in Vienna, formalizing territorial settlements including the German Confederation and Congress Poland. The signing occurred nine days before the Battle of Waterloo, establishing a new European political order. Key figures included Metternich, Castlereagh, and Talleyrand, who negotiated the terms that replaced the Holy Roman Empire with a loose German union and created a semi-autonomous Polish state in personal union with Russia.

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Background and detail

Background. The Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) aimed to reorganize Europe after Napoleon's defeat. Negotiations continued despite the Hundred Days. The Final Act, signed on 9 June 1815, embodied all separate treaties. It established the German Confederation to replace the Holy Roman Empire and created Congress Poland as a semi-autonomous state in personal union with Russia. The signing preceded the Battle of Waterloo by nine days.

Territorial Settlements. The Final Act created the German Confederation, a loose union of German states established by the 9th Act on 8 June 1815. It also established Congress Poland, a semi-autonomous state in personal union with the Russian Empire, created from the Duchy of Warsaw. The Act addressed various territorial changes, including the status of Saxony and the establishment of the Duchy of Lucca as compensation for the House of Bourbon-Parma.

People involved

Sources

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