New York Committee of Seventy formed against Tammany Hall

Background. Tammany Hall, the main local political machine of the Democratic Party, controlled New York City and state politics. William M. Tweed, known as the 'Grand Sachem,' consolidated control over city and state politics while enriching himself. His rule exemplified the corruption of urban political machines prior to the Gilded Age. The sectarian Orange Riots of 1870 and 1871 undermined the reputation of the Tweed ring, setting the stage for reform efforts.

Formation of the Committee. The Committee of Seventy was formed by prominent New York reformers to examine the misdeeds of the Tweed ring. This organized independent opposition became a constant theme in Tammany history. The committee's formation was a response to the corruption and control exerted by Tweed and his associates, aiming to reform local politics and challenge the political machine's dominance.

Political Impact. The Committee of Seventy's efforts led to the defeat of Tammany candidates in the 1871 city elections. This marked a significant challenge to the political machine's control. The committee's actions contributed to the broader movement against corruption, exemplifying the rallying point for political reform against boss rule and urban political machines.