Chile forms its First National Junta

Background. In 1808, the Captaincy General of Chile was governed by Luis Muñoz de Guzmán. The Peninsular War and the overthrow of Charles IV and Ferdinand VII caused agitation. Governor García Carrasco was implicated in the Scorpion scandal, destroying his moral authority. News of Napoleon's conquest of Andalusia in June 1810 led to Carrasco's resignation and replacement by Mateo de Toro Zambrano.

Formation of the Junta. The date for the establishment of the Government Junta was set for September 18, 1810, at 11 AM. The discussion resulted in the creation of the First Junta, organized with the same powers as a Royal Governor. It was officially the Provisional Government Junta of the Kingdom in the name of Ferdinand VII, ruling post-colonial Chile following the King's imprisonment by Napoleon.

Political Context. The Junta was the earliest step in the Chilean struggle for independence. It was formed in response to the capture of King Ferdinand VII by Napoleonic forces. The anniversary of its establishment is celebrated as the national day of Chile. The Junta lasted until July 4, 1811, when it was replaced by the National Congress.